January is Cervical Cancer Awareness Month Published Jan. 28, 2025 By Linda Davis 412th Medical Group EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE, Calif. -- The 412th Medical Group encourages everyone, not only its patients, to take proactive steps towards prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Whether it’s scheduling a screening exam or getting vaccinated, every action counts in the fight against cervical cancer. What is Cervical Cancer? Cervical cancer is a serious disease that affects women. It starts in the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus, the womb. Cervical cancer is most often caused by a virus called human papillomavirus, best known as HPV. HPV is a common virus passed from one person to another through sexual contact. Many people mistakenly think that if they have sexual contact with only one person, they will not get HPV. However, because it is so common, any woman who has ever had sex, even once, is at risk for HPV. HPV infections often clear up on their own, but sometimes, this virus stays and can cause changes in the cervix that leads to cancer over time. Why is screening so important? One of the best ways to protect oneself from cervical cancer is by getting regular screenings. This includes two main tests: the Pap Test (Pap Smear) and the HPV Test. The Pap Test checks for changes in the cells of the cervix. If this test finds abnormal cells, they can be treated before they turn into cancer. Early treatment is the most effective way to beat cancer. The HPV test looks for the HPV virus that can cause precancerous cell changes that lead to cervical cancer. Depending on the age of the patient, health care team may recommend a Pap test, an HPV test, or both tests together. All women between the ages of 21 and 65 should talk to their health care provider about when and how often they should get these screening tests. The frequency of screening varies depending on the patient’s age and if there is any history of abnormal tests. Even if a woman is not currently sexually active, it is still important to continue regular screenings. The patient’s health care team are able to recommend which tests are appropriated and how often to get screened. Are there any signs or symptoms that a patient should be concerned about? Early on, cervical cancer may not cause any signs or symptoms – that’s why early screenings are so important. If the cancer is advanced, bleeding or discharge that is not typical, such as bleeding after sex or between periods, may occur. Other concerning symptoms include pain during sex or unexplained pain in the lower back or pelvic area. If these symptoms are present, patients should see their health care providers right away. These symptoms may be caused by something other than cancer, but early testing and treatment are the key. Is there a way to prevent or lower risk for cervical cancer? The answer is yes, and here is how. Screening. Regular Pap tests and HPV tests can help find problems early. The patient’s health care team can determine when to start and how often screening should occur. HPV Vaccine. This vaccine protects against the types of HPV that most often cause cervical cancer and some other genital cancers. It is recommended for preteens, both boys and girls, aged 11 to 12 years old, but it can be given as early as age nine and until age 26. Women who are vaccinated against HPV still need to have regular Pap tests. Healthy lifestyle. A smoke-free life, a limited number of sexual partners, and regular care, including routine examinations, play a role in preventing and lowering the risk for cervical cancer. It’s also important to follow through follow-up tests when Pap Test results came abnormal, despite discomfort or fear, and to build a mutual trust between patient and health care provider through open and honest conversations.